What Is Healthy Soil? Why It Matters for Organic Farming and Food Security
What Is Healthy Soil?
Healthy soil is the foundation of productive farming and sustainable food systems. It is soil that supports plants in reaching their full potential while remaining naturally resilient to pests and diseases. Importantly, it does this without relying heavily on off-farm chemical supplements.
At its core, soil is alive. It contains a diverse community of microorganisms that work together to support plant growth and long-term soil fertility.
The Living Ecosystem Beneath Our Feet
Soil is home to bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, nematodes, and other microscopic organisms. These organisms play a critical role in maintaining soil balance and plant health.
Soil bacteria help suppress plant diseases by producing natural antibiotics. Fungi assist plants in absorbing water and nutrients through complex root interactions. Together, these microorganisms form what is commonly referred to as organic matter.
Higher levels of organic matter generally indicate better soil health. This biological activity improves nutrient availability and strengthens plants against environmental stress.
How Is Soil Health Measured?
Farmers and scientists use several indicators to assess soil health. These include the number of microorganisms present, nutrient levels such as nitrogen, and the soil’s ability to retain water during dry conditions.
Carbon absorption is another important measure. Soil can store carbon from the atmosphere, helping reduce environmental impact.
To evaluate these factors, certifying agents collect soil samples directly from fields. The samples are dried, weighed, and analysed in laboratories. Studies consistently show that organic farming systems improve soil structure and fertility over time compared to conventional methods.
Benefits of Healthy Soil
Well-structured soil forms aggregates that bind particles together. This reduces erosion and prevents nutrient run-off. Healthy soil also holds more water, helping crops survive drought conditions.
In addition, it contains higher levels of minerals and nutrients that feed plants naturally. The presence of beneficial microorganisms further protects crops from pests and diseases.
Why Healthy soil matters for the future
Soil supports global food security, yet it is under serious threat. According to the United Nations, current agricultural practices could leave us with less than 60 years of farmable topsoil.
Organic farming practices help rebuild soil, increase biodiversity, and promote resilience both below and above ground. By protecting soil health, we protect the future of food.
